A signed timestamp notation. The HT☉ power is derived at the moment of signing — it encodes the elapsed blip count from a referenced GW event to the instant the signature is created. N = log₁₀(blip count). The bracketed parameters identify the event serving as time anchor.
The same event referenced in two signatures made at different moments will carry different HT☉ powers. The difference encodes the blip interval between signing moments, independently verifiable by any party who knows the event’s absolute timestamp.
Parameter Key
Intrinsic — measured at detector · independent of cosmological model
Symbol
Name
Unit / range
Description
ℳdet
Chirp mass (detector-frame)
M☉
Dominant mass parameter from inspiral waveform. (1+z)ℳsource.
q
Mass ratio
0–1
m₂/m₁ where m₂ ≤ m₁.
χeff
Effective inspiral spin
−1 to +1
Mass-weighted aligned spin component.
af
Final remnant spin
0–1
Kerr spin of merged object from ringdown. ⧖ for BNS.
Λ̃
Tidal deformability
dimensionless
Neutron star equation of state. ∅ for BBH (no-hair theorem).
The ☉ symbol [U+2609] throughout PROTIUM denotes the protium atom — a diagram of a proton at center with a single electron in orbit. It is not the astronomical solar mass symbol M☉, despite superficial similarity. Where M☉ (solar mass) appears as a unit label in parameter definitions, it is explicitly written M☉ in context.
Unit Summary
Named units = 10¹⁰ × base unit on every axis. Lowercase = base tier, uppercase = named tier.
Axis
Base
Named
Value
Time
Ht☉ (flip)
HT☉ BLIP
≈ 7.04 s
Distance
Hl☉ (flip-length)
HL☉ CLIP
≈ 2.11 × 10⁹ m
Energy
He☉ (quantum)
HE☉ QUIP
≈ 58.74 keV
Mass
Hm☉ (flip-mass)
HM☉ CHIP
≈ 16.73 fg
Full unit system, landmark ladders, and design axioms: units →
Schema Selection
Event schema is determined by the null-state profile of af and Λ̃.
Schema
af
Λ̃
Source type
BBH
measured or ⧖
∅
Binary black hole
NSBH
measured or ⧖
⧖ or constrained
Neutron star–black hole
BNS
⧖
measured or ⧖
Binary neutron star
Schema details, mass gap, and duration notes: parameters →